Initial commit

author: Marvin Borner 2021-07-04 21:31:28 +0200
committer: Marvin Borner 2021-07-04 21:34:15 +0200
commit: 9b8698769535846d029c44247956eed9a21f1185 (patch)
tree: 294a17af4102805ab9863274339e8e030897804e /src
11 files changed, 537 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/entry/bootsector.asm b/src/entry/bootsector.asm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1beb850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/entry/bootsector.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+; MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 Marvin Borner
+
+; This file includes definitions to reduce magic numbers
+%include "src/entry/definitions.asm"
+
+bits 16 ; Real mode is 16 Bit
+org LOCATION ; Bootsector location
+
+global _start
+_start:
+	jmp .skip_bpb ; Some BIOSes override the BPB area
+	dd "START"
+	nop
+	times 87 db 0 ; Fill BPB area with 0
+.skip_bpb:
+
+	; Clear registers (some BIOSes are weird)
+	xor bx, bx
+	mov ds, bx
+	mov es, bx
+	mov ss, bx
+	; Other registers may contain relevant data
+
+	mov sp, LOCATION ; Set stack (top) pointer - grows downwards
+
+	mov ax, SCREEN_CLEAR ; Clear screen command
+	int SCREEN_INT ; CLEAR!
+
+	; Print friendly welcome message
+	mov si, hello_msg
+	call print
+
+	call disk_support ; Is disk supported? Implicitly verifies that this is a 386+ architecture
+	mov esp, LOCATION ; Clear upper 16 Bit of esp, now that 16 Bit support is guaranteed
+	cli ; Disable interrupts
+
+	jmp load_stage ; Load and execute main stage
+
+; Print function uses si as string pointer
+print:
+	; a and b regs get partially destroyed - push for restoration
+	push bx
+	push ax
+
+	mov ah, SCREEN_OUT ; Set VGA command
+	xor bh, bh ; Clear b register (according to BIOS spec)
+.putch:
+	lodsb ; Load next string byte (using ds:si)
+	test al, al ; Test loaded byte
+	jz .end ; End if al is zero (using previous test); NULL-termination
+	int SCREEN_INT ; WRITE!
+	jmp .putch ; Continue
+.end:
+	; Restore ax/bx
+	pop ax
+	pop bx
+	ret
+
+; Check if disk is supported using ID checks and LBA test
+disk_support:
+	; BIOS puts the disk id into dl
+	cmp dl, 0x80
+	jb disk_error ; Error if below 0x80 - probably floppy disk
+	cmp dl, 0x8f
+	ja disk_error ; Error if above 0x8f - invalid
+
+	; Check if int 0x13 and LBA are supported
+	mov ah, DISK_EXT_CHECK ; Set needed interrupt values
+	mov bx, DISK_EXT_CHECK_REQ
+	int DISK_INT ; CHECK!
+	jc disk_error ; Carry means something went wrong
+	cmp bx, DISK_EXT_CHECK_RESP
+	jne disk_error ; Response is incorrect => error!
+	ret
+
+; Read sectors from disk using dap information
+disk_read:
+	mov si, dap
+	mov ah, DISK_READ
+	int DISK_INT
+	jc error_loop
+	ret
+
+; Loads the main stage (main.c)
+load_stage:
+	mov bx, loader
+	mov [dap.dest], bx
+	call disk_read
+
+	lgdt [gdt] ; Load GDT
+
+	; Set protected mode (32 Bit mode)
+	mov eax, cr0
+	or ax, 1 ; Set PE (Protection Enable) Bit
+	mov cr0, eax
+
+	jmp 0x08:protected_mode
+
+bits 32
+protected_mode:
+	; Set segment registers
+	mov ax, 0x10
+	mov ds, ax
+	mov es, ax
+	mov fs, ax
+	mov gs, ax
+	mov ss, ax
+
+	call loader
+	jmp error_loop
+bits 16
+
+; Error handling
+error_loop:
+	cli ; Disable interrupts
+	hlt ; Wait for interrupt; should wait forever
+	jmp error_loop ; Loop if returns anyway
+
+disk_error:
+	mov si, disk_msg
+	call print
+	jmp error_loop
+
+; Messages (NULL-terminated strings with newline/return)
+hello_msg db "Hello world! Booting...", NEWLINE, RETURN, NULL
+disk_msg db "Disk is invalid or unsupported", NEWLINE, RETURN, NULL
+
+; Disk configuration data for DISK_READ interrupt (filled according to spec)
+dap: ; Disk Address Packet
+	db 0x10 ; Disk address packet size
+	db 0 ; Always 0
+.count:
+	dw 64 ; Number of sectors (512B each) to read ; 0x8000
+.dest:
+	dw 0 ; Destination offset
+	dw 0 ; Destination segment
+.lba:
+	dd 1 ; LBA number ; Inter stage is directly after first LBA (0)
+	dd 0 ; More storage bytes
+
+; Global Descriptor Table (GDT)
+gdt:
+	dw .size - 1 + 8 ; GDT size
+	dd .start - 8 ; GDT start address
+.start:
+	; Code
+	dw 0xffff ; Limit
+	dw 0x0000 ; Base (low 16 bits)
+	db 0x00 ; Base (mid 8 bits)
+	db 10011010b ; Access
+	db 11001111b ; Granularity
+	db 0x00 ; Base (high 8 bits)
+
+	; Data
+	dw 0xffff ; Limit
+	dw 0x0000 ; Base (low 16 bits)
+	db 0x00 ; Base (mid 8 bits)
+	db 10010010b ; Access
+	db 11001111b ; Granularity
+	db 0x00 ; Base (high 8 bits)
+.end:
+.size: equ .end - .start
+
+times SECTOR_SIZE - 2 - ($ - $$) db 0 ; Fill until 512 (SECTOR_SIZE) - 2 bytes; -2 because of 2B signature
+dw SECTOR_END_SIG ; Bootsector end signature
+
+loader:
+incbin "build/loader.bin"
+
+; Limit to 0x8000 due to ext2 superblock start at 1024 on partition 1
+times 0x8000 - ($ - $$) db 0
+superblock:
diff --git a/src/entry/definitions.asm b/src/entry/definitions.asm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcaa141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/entry/definitions.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+; MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 Marvin Borner
+; This file includes definitions to reduce magic numbers
+
+; Boot constants
+%define LOCATION 0x7c00 ; Bootloader location
+%define SECTOR_END_SIG 0xaa55 ; Bootsector end signature
+%define SECTOR_SIZE 512 ; Bootsector size
+
+; Interrupts
+%define SCREEN_INT 0x10 ; Screen/video BIOS interrupt
+%define DISK_INT 0x13 ; Disk BIOS interrupt
+
+; Characters
+%define NEWLINE 0x0A ; Newline character (\n)
+%define RETURN 0x0D ; Return character (\r)
+%define NULL 0x00 ; NULL character (\0)
+
+; Screen/video commands (for SCREEN_INT; using VGA interface)
+%define SCREEN_CLEAR 0x03 ; Clear screen command
+%define SCREEN_OUT 0x0e ; Screen output command
+
+; Disk commands
+%define DISK_EXT_CHECK 0x41 ; Disk extension check command
+%define DISK_EXT_CHECK_REQ 0x55aa ; First extension check signature (request)
+%define DISK_EXT_CHECK_RESP 0xaa55 ; Second extension check signature (response)
+%define DISK_READ 0x42 ; Disk extended read command
diff --git a/src/loader/cpu.c b/src/loader/cpu.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a12d2fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/loader/cpu.c
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 Marvin Borner
+
+#include <cpu.h>
+
+/**
+ * CPU IO
+ */
+
+u8 inb(u16 port)
+{
+	u8 value;
+	__asm__ volatile("inb %1, %0" : "=a"(value) : "Nd"(port));
+	return value;
+}
+
+u16 inw(u16 port)
+{
+	u16 value;
+	__asm__ volatile("inw %1, %0" : "=a"(value) : "Nd"(port));
+	return value;
+}
+
+void outb(u16 port, u8 data)
+{
+	__asm__ volatile("outb %0, %1" ::"a"(data), "Nd"(port));
+}
diff --git a/src/loader/inc/cpu.h b/src/loader/inc/cpu.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88db34b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/loader/inc/cpu.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 Marvin Borner
+
+#ifndef CPU_H
+#define CPU_H
+
+#include <def.h>
+
+u8 inb(u16 port);
+u16 inw(u16 port);
+
+void outb(u16 port, u8 data);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/loader/inc/def.h b/src/loader/inc/def.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c2f9aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/loader/inc/def.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 Marvin Borner
+// Useful macros/types
+
+#ifndef DEF_H
+#define DEF_H
+
+typedef signed char s8;
+typedef unsigned char u8;
+
+typedef signed short s16;
+typedef unsigned short u16;
+
+typedef signed int s32;
+typedef unsigned int u32;
+
+typedef __builtin_va_list va_list;
+#define va_start __builtin_va_start
+#define va_end __builtin_va_end
+#define va_arg __builtin_va_arg
+
+#define NULL ((void *)0)
+#define MIN(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
+#define MAX(a, b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
+#define ABS(a) (((a) < 0) ? -(a) : (a))
+
+#define PACKED __attribute__((packed))
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/loader/inc/lib.h b/src/loader/inc/lib.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..997db67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/loader/inc/lib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 Marvin Borner
+
+#ifndef LIB_H
+#define LIB_H
+
+#include <def.h>
+
+u32 strlen(const char *str);
+u32 strnlen(const char *s, u32 max);
+u32 strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, u32 size);
+
+int itoa(s32 value, char *buffer, u32 base);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/loader/inc/log.h b/src/loader/inc/log.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d65a76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/loader/inc/log.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 Marvin Borner
+
+#ifndef LOG_H
+#define LOG_H
+
+void serial_install(void);
+void serial_print(const char *data);
+
+void log(const char *format, ...);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/loader/lib.c b/src/loader/lib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c54ef14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/loader/lib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 Marvin Borner
+
+#include <lib.h>
+
+/**
+ * Common string functions
+ */
+
+u32 strlen(const char *str)
+{
+	const char *s = str;
+	while (*s)
+		s++;
+	return s - str;
+}
+
+u32 strnlen(const char *str, u32 max)
+{
+	const char *s = str;
+	while (max && *s) {
+		s++;
+		max--;
+	}
+	return s - str;
+}
+
+u32 strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, u32 size)
+{
+	const char *orig = src;
+	u32 left = size;
+
+	if (left)
+		while (--left)
+			if (!(*dst++ = *src++))
+				break;
+
+	if (!left) {
+		if (size)
+			*dst = 0;
+		while (*src++)
+			;
+	}
+
+	return src - orig - 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Conversion
+ */
+
+int itoa(s32 value, char *buffer, u32 base)
+{
+	char tmp[16];
+	char *tp = tmp;
+	int i;
+	unsigned v;
+
+	int sign = (base == 10 && value < 0);
+	if (sign)
+		v = -value;
+	else
+		v = (unsigned)value;
+
+	while (v || tp == tmp) {
+		i = v % base;
+		v /= base;
+		if (i < 10)
+			*tp++ = i + '0';
+		else
+			*tp++ = i + 'a' - 10;
+	}
+
+	int len = tp - tmp;
+
+	if (sign) {
+		*buffer++ = '-';
+		len++;
+	}
+
+	while (tp > tmp)
+		*buffer++ = *--tp;
+	*buffer = '\0';
+
+	return len;
+}
diff --git a/src/loader/link.ld b/src/loader/link.ld
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa97f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/loader/link.ld
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/* MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 Marvin Borner */
+
+OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386")
+OUTPUT_ARCH(i386)
+ENTRY(start)
+phys = 0x7e00;
+
+SECTIONS
+{
+	. = phys;
+
+	.text :
+	{
+		*(.text.start)
+		*(.text*)
+	}
+
+	.rodata :
+	{
+		*(.rodata*)
+	}
+
+	.data :
+	{
+		*(.data*)
+	}
+
+	.bss :
+	{
+		*(COMMON)
+		*(.bss)
+	}
+
+	end = .;
+}
diff --git a/src/loader/log.c b/src/loader/log.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2c05f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/loader/log.c
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+#include <cpu.h>
+#include <lib.h>
+#include <log.h>
+
+/**
+ * Formatting
+ */
+
+static u32 vsnprintf(char *str, u32 size, const char *format, va_list ap)
+{
+	u32 length = 0;
+
+	int temp_int;
+	char temp_ch;
+	char *temp_str;
+
+	char buffer[64] = { 0 };
+
+	// TODO: Fix potential memory overflows because of str[length++]=xxx
+	char ch;
+	while ((ch = *format++)) {
+		if (ch == '%') {
+			switch (*format++) {
+			case '%':
+				str[length++] = '%';
+				break;
+			case 'c':
+				temp_ch = va_arg(ap, int);
+				str[length++] = temp_ch;
+				break;
+			case 's':
+				temp_str = va_arg(ap, char *);
+				length += strlcpy(&str[length], temp_str, size - length);
+				break;
+			case 'b':
+				temp_int = va_arg(ap, int);
+				itoa(temp_int, buffer, 2);
+				length += strlcpy(&str[length], buffer, size - length);
+				break;
+			case 'd':
+				temp_int = va_arg(ap, int);
+				itoa(temp_int, buffer, 10);
+				length += strlcpy(&str[length], buffer, size - length);
+				break;
+			case 'x':
+				temp_int = va_arg(ap, int);
+				itoa(temp_int, buffer, 16);
+				length += strlcpy(&str[length], buffer, size - length);
+				break;
+			default:
+				serial_print("Unknown printf format\n");
+			}
+		} else {
+			str[length++] = ch;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return length;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Serial
+ */
+
+void serial_install(void)
+{
+	outb(0x3f8 + 1, 0x00);
+	outb(0x3f8 + 3, 0x80);
+	outb(0x3f8 + 0, 0x03);
+	outb(0x3f8 + 1, 0x00);
+	outb(0x3f8 + 3, 0x03);
+	outb(0x3f8 + 2, 0xc7);
+	outb(0x3f8 + 4, 0x0B);
+}
+
+static int is_transmit_empty(void)
+{
+	return inb(0x3f8 + 5) & 0x20;
+}
+
+static void serial_put(char ch)
+{
+	while (is_transmit_empty() == 0)
+		;
+	outb(0x3f8, (u8)ch);
+}
+
+void serial_print(const char *data)
+{
+	for (const char *p = data; *p; p++)
+		serial_put(*p);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Universal print function
+ */
+
+void log(const char *format, ...)
+{
+	char buf[1024] = { 0 };
+
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	serial_print(buf);
+}
diff --git a/src/loader/main.c b/src/loader/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54b5122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/loader/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 Marvin Borner
+
+#include <def.h>
+#include <log.h>
+
+/**
+ * Entry
+ */
+
+int start(void);
+int start(void)
+{
+	serial_install();
+	log("Hello %d\n", 42);
+
+	while (1)
+		;
+	return 0;
+}
author	Marvin Borner	2021-07-04 21:31:28 +0200
committer	Marvin Borner	2021-07-04 21:34:15 +0200
commit	9b8698769535846d029c44247956eed9a21f1185 (patch)
tree	294a17af4102805ab9863274339e8e030897804e /src